CHARADE

Phosphorus trichloride and liquid trans-methyl propylaxine. 

Now, the third one that I haven't brought her yet is O-ethyl methyphonic acid. 

Combined, these chemicals make pesticide. They can also be adjusted. If you methylate the phosphorus trichloride, it forms methyl phosphorus dichloride... Which, when combined with the liquid trans-methyl propylaxine and the O-ethyl methyphonic acid, creates tiny particles. 

Very deadly, easily aerosolized, and completely different from pesticides.

It's nerve gas.

Beware to your significant other's wishes.

MILKSHAPE

Don't worry, it's the exact word. 

Have you ever wondered what milk really is? No? Well I did, I did some researches and now I share what I have studied and understood.

First of all, according to the animal species, milk has different components and it does considerably vary in its fats percentage (really high, for example, in sea mammals where in seals and cetaceans they can reach 50%. Also cloven-hoofed animals as moose, yaks and reindeers produce high calories milk). In any case: 

• Water is always the principal component; 

• Fats, especially sautéed ones, are the principal energetic source in milk, generally found under the form of phospholipids and glyceride esters of long and short chains of fatty acids like: 

Butanoic butyric acid; 

Hexanoic caproic acid; 

Octanoic caprylic acid; 

Decanoic capric acid; 

Docecanoic laurid acid; 

Tetradecanoic myristic acid; 

Hexadecanoic palmitic acid; 

Octadecanoic stearic acid; 

(saturated ones) and also

Caproleic acid cis-9 decanoic; 

Myristoleic acid cis-9 tetradecanoic; 

Cis-6 hexadecenoic palmitoleic acid; 

Cis-6 octadecenoic petroselinic acid;

Cis-9 octadecenoic oleic acid; 

Trans-9 octadecenoic elaidinic acid; 

Trans-11octadecenoic vaccenic acid; 

Linoleic acid, cis-cis-9,12 octadecadienoic acid;

(unsaturated ones). 

The present carbohydrates, the second energy source of milk, are made up in all the animal species almost entirely of (disaccharide) lactose. 

Lactose is the osmotically more active compound of the milk, with a relatively constant concentration in all the types of milk. 

Milk secretion is isotonic to blood, thanks to the recall of water from the blood to the breast due to lactose.

The amount of produced milk is directly proportional to the amount of synthesised lactose. 

There are other carbohydrates, mainly oligosaccharides composed of glucose, galactose, fucose, glucosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, galactosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, and sialic acid generally conjugated to proteins (glycoproteins), such as k-casein, other than calcium sensitive ones for its solubility over a wide range of Ca++ concentrations and its low phosphorous content. 

2/3 (two thirds) of the proteins are represented by the phosphoproteins family generally called casein (k-casein for example).

Apparently the concentration of proteins in the milk of the different species is inversely proportional to the concentration of carbohydrates. 

The protein content of milk tends to be higher in species that are characterised by the rapid growth of puppies after birth.

The carbohydrate content, instead, is higher in milk of slow-growth species (like humans). 

Don't forget the possible presence of mineral substances, vitamins, aromatic substances (not chemicals, but meant as the responsible for the flavour and the smell), somatic cells (mostly macrophages) and bacteria.

Minerals or milk salt, are traditionally names for a variety of cations and anions with bovine milk. Calcium, phosphate, magnesium, sodium, potassium, citrate and chloride are all included as minerals and they typically occur at concentration of 5-40 mM (milli-molar). The milk salt strongly interact with casein, most notably calcium phosphate. It is present in excess and often much greater excess of solubility of solid calcium phosphate. 

In addition to calcium, milk is a good source of many other vitamins: A, B6, B12, C, D, K, E, thiamine, niacin, biotin, riboflavin, flolates and panthothenic acid are all present in milk.

The possible presence of pathogens, always possible in raw milk, with an average random incidence over time of around 20% of the milking, is linked to the state of health of the animal and to hygiene deficiencies and to the milking process and the environment status.

However, the risk is always present which is why adequate heating (boiling) is universally recommend by the Health Bodies. 

PH of the milk ranges from 6.4 to 6.8 and it changes over time. Milk from other bovines and non-bovine mammals varies in composition, but has a similar PH.

This should calm down your thirst, for a while. 

Here you can see a simplified representation of a lactose molecule, broken into glucose and galactose. 

PIGEONOMETRY

I guess something went wrong, for I have not posted anything. 

Bloody mind, it runs too fast I am unable to follow it properly. Well, time to follow some of its thoughts. Let's have a short talk about pigeons, those cute tender animals most of the people hate (because people are stupid, the most of them) thinking they are stupid bird, vector of diseases and so on. I am in love with pigeons for a series of reasons I won't debate now for now it's time for Pigeonometry! 

Part 0: The Pigeon.

And we are done with the basics. 

Part 1: The Facts.

Let's know more about pigeons.

Latin name: Columba livia; 

Common Names: Dove, pigeon, blue rock pigeon, rock dove, wild rock dove, rock pigeon, feral pigeon;

Derivation: The world "pigeon" is derived from the Latin word "pipio", meaning young cheeping bird. The word dove is of Norse origin and first appeared in the 14th century as dova or douve; 

Bird Order: Columbiformes;

Family: Columbidae (includes 100π + 1 [that is, 315] different species); 

Subspecies: Columba livia + {atlantis, canariensis, gymnocyclus, targia, nigricans, dakhlae, schimperi, inetermedia, palaestinae, gaddi, neglecta}; 

Varieties: 350 recorded varieties; 

Most Common: Feral pigeon (10 to 15 millions in Europe); 

Origin: Europe, North Africa, Asia: 

Habitat: The wild pigeon is found in costal areas and the feral pigeon is found almost exclusively in areas of human habitation;

Distribution: Worldwide, except for Sahara Desert (guess why), Antarctica and high Arctic. European population estimated between 17 and 28 millions (which is cool because 17 is prime and 28 is a perfect number); 

Part 2: Description.

Pigeons are on average from 32 to 37 centimetres long (sorry dear American & co. we only use meaningful and smart system of measures that is the METRIC system), with a wingspan of about 64 to 72 cm. 

Dark blue-is/grey head, neck and chest with glossy greenish and reddish-purple iridescence around the neck and the wing feathers; orange or red iris with pale inner ring (in the adult pigeon) or brown aut greyish brown (in the juvenile ones). 

• Black bill with off-white cere; 

• Red feet and legs; 

• Distinctive twin black wing bars; 

• White lower back feathers. 

Part 3: Reproduction.

• Breed all year round with peak breeding periods in spring and summer; 

• All columbiformes are monogamous (mate for life); 

• Wild bird breed on coastal cliffs, and some inland cliffs; 

• Feral birds breed on or in buildings, usually in urban areas; 

• Usually 2 (two) white eggs that are incubated by both parents for 17-19 days; 

• The squab (chick) has yellow down and a pink bill; 

• Squabs are fed on "crop milk" by both parents; 

• Fledging period is approximately 30 days, depending upon the time of the year; 

• Pigeon can breed at 6 (six) months of age.

Part 4: Diet, half life and predation. 

Seeds form the major component of the diet, but it varies greatly according to species. Some ground feeding species (granivorous species) eat fruit and take insects and worms. One species, the Atoll Fruit Dove, has adapted to taking insects and small reptiles.

The Feral pigeon found in urban areas exists exclusively on a diet of seed (normally from human sources) and human refuse, such as fast food waste.

Wood pigeons have a varied diet which includes vegetables and berries. 

Life expectancy varies from 3 to 5 years (minimum value) up to 15 years, dependent on many factors including, of course, natural predation and human interference.

Wild pigeon is predated upon, almost exclusively, by the peregrine falcon. The sparrow hawk may also predate on the wild pigeon.

The Feral pigeon has few if any natural predators, with man being the main threat to the bird in areas of human habitation. 

Part 5: Interesting Medley.

• Pigeons can fly at altitudes of 1829 meters or more;

• Pigeons can fly at average speeds of up to 124.8 km/h, but have been recorded fly at 148.8 km/h ! 

• Pigeons can fly between 965.6 km and 1126.5 km in a single day, with the longest recorded flight in 19th century taking 55 days between Africa and England, covering 11265.4 km; 

• Pigeons are thought to navigate by sensing the Earth's magnetic field and using the Sun for direction. Other theories include the use of roads and even low frequency seismic waves to find their way home; 

• As all the Columbidae family, pigeons too drink water by sucking it and using their beaks like straws. Most birds sip water and then throw their head back to swallow; 

• Pigeon can see in colours, but unlike humans they can also see UV (ultraviolet) light (a part of the spectrum that humans cannot see). As a result, pigeon are often used in search and rescue missions at sea because of this unique sense combined with excellent all-round vision; 

• Pigeons have been found to pass the mirror test, the ability to recognise its own reflection to a mirror. The pigeon is one of the SIX species (and the ONLY non-mammal), to have this ability; 

• Pigeons are highly intelligent and can recognise all 26 (twenty-six) letters of the alphabet as well as being able to conceptualise. Pigeon can differentiate between photographs and even two different human beings in a single photograph. 

Did you understand, idiotic humans? Do you still think pigeons are stupid? 

There could be REALLY A LOT to discuss about, like pigeons during the wartime, pigeons as messengers, and most of all a list of all the breeds of pigeons by name. I guess I will do this, futurely. Yes that word does not exist, but now it does.